Simba re vulcanization pachimiro uye hunhu hwerabha

Kukanganiswa kwe vulcanization pachimiro uye hunhu hwerabha:

Kugadziriswa kwemvura (Vulcanization) idanho rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zverabha, inova nzira yekuchinja kubva pakuva nechimiro chakafanana kuenda pakuva nechimiro chemuviri, zvichiunza shanduko dzakakwana dzinosanganisira hunhu hwemuviri nehwemakanika, kuramba tembiricha, kuramba kunyungudutsa, uye kuramba kukora, zvichiwedzera kukosha uye huwandu hwekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa.

Maumbirwo uye hunhu hwerabha zvinochinja zvakanyanya usati watanga uye mushure mekupedza. Mamorekuru erabha asati atanga kuita vulcanization ane chimiro chakafanana necha van der Waals ane simba rinoshanda pakati pawo, achiratidza plasticity yakanaka uye kureba, pamwe nekunyunguduka. Munguva yekuumbwa kwevulcanization, mamorekuru anotangwa uye anozosangana nemakemikari anopindirana, zvichigadzira chimiro che network uko mamorekuru anosunganidzwa nemakemikari anosungana.

Maumbirwo uye hunhu hwerabha rakaputirwa zvinosanganisira:

Maumbirwo: zvisungo zvemakemikari, nzvimbo yezvisungo zvinobatanidza, mwero wekubatana, uye kubatanidzwa

Mashandiro: Hunhu hwemakanika (simba renguva dzose rekureba, kuomarara, simba rekusimba, kureba, kusimba), hunhu hwepanyama, kugadzikana kwemakemikari mushure mekuumbwa kwesimbi.

Maitiro ekugadzira rabha anogona kuchinja zvakanyanya hunhu hwerabha. Semuenzaniso, tichitora rabha yechisikigo, sezvo huwandu hwekugadzira rabha huchikwira:

Kuchinja kwehunhu hwemakanika: kuwedzera kwekupfava, simba rekudhonza, simba rekudhonza, simba rekubvaruka, uye kuomarara, kudzikira kwekureba, kudzvanywa kusingaperi, uye kuneta kugadzira kupisa.

Kuchinja kwehunhu hwemuviri: Kupinda kwemhepo uye kupinda kwemvura kunoderera, hazvigone kunyungudutswa, zvinogona kungozvimba, kuramba kupisa kunovandudza, kugadzikana kwemakemikari kunovandudza, crosslinking reaction inobvisa mapoka kana maatomu anoshanda zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kukwegura kuve kwakaoma kuita. Maumbirwo enetwork anodzivirira kupararira kwemamorekuru mashoma, zvichiita kuti zviomere kuti rabha free radicals ipararire.

Mamiriro ekushandisa vulcanization, kusanganisira kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, nenguva, ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinosarudza mhedzisiro ye vulcanization. Kumanikidzwa kwe vulcanization kune simba guru pakudzivirira kuumbwa kwemabubbles murabha, kunatsiridza kusimba kwerabha, uye kuzadza mold nerabha. Inogona zvakare kuvandudza kunamira pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana (rabha layer nerabha layer kana simbi layer, jira layer nerabha layer) muchigadzirwa, uye kunatsiridza hunhu hwemuviri hwerabha yakashandiswa (senge kuramba kukotama).

Kupisa kwe vulcanization ndiyo mamiriro ekutanga e vulcanization reaction, iyo inogona kukanganisa zvakananga kumhanya kwe vulcanization, mhando yechigadzirwa, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi ebhizinesi. Kukwidza tembiricha ye vulcanization kunogona kukurumidzisa kumhanya kwe vulcanization uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira, asi tembiricha yakawandisa ye vulcanization inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akadai sekuputsika kwe rabha molecular chain, kushanduka kwe vulcanization, kudzikira kwehunhu hwema mechanical yezvinhu zverabha, uye kudzikira kwesimba remachira. Zvinogona zvakare kupfupisa nguva inopisa yezvinhu zverabha, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwe rabha yemuno uye vulcanization isina kuenzana yezvigadzirwa. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa kwe tembiricha ye vulcanization kunofanirwa kufunga zvakanyanya nezvezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwe rabha, system ye vulcanization, uye chimiro chechigadzirwa.

Kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu ekuputika kwevhu - kusanganisira kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, nenguva - inzira yakaoma inoda kutariswa nezvinhu zvakawanda.

Kumanikidzwa kweVulcanization: Kusarudzwa kwesimba reVulcanization kunonyanya kuenderana nekugadzirwa uye zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zverabha. Kazhinji, kusarudzwa kwesimba kunonyanya kutsanangurwa nechimiro, saizi, uye kuoma kwezvigadzirwa zverabha. Kumanikidzwa kukuru, kuyerera kwerabha kuri nani, izvo zvinogona kuzadza mold zviri nani. Panguva imwe chete, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemabubbles uye kuvandudza kusimba kwechigadzirwa. Zvisinei, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kutungamira mukuyerera kwakanyanya kwechinhu cherabha, zvichikonzera kukanganisa chimiro chechigadzirwa.

Kupisa kwesulfurization: Kupisa kwevulcanization kunokanganisa zvakananga kumhanya uye mhando ye vulcanization reaction. Kana tembiricha yakakwira, vulcanization reaction inokurumidza, asi inogona kukonzera kutyoka kwemaketani erabha, zvichikanganisa hunhu hwechigadzirwa. Kupisa kwakakodzera kwevulcanization kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti vulcanization inokurumidza zvakanaka pasina kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwezvinhu zverabha.

Nguva yeSulfurization: Nguva ye vulcanization inoenderana zvakananga nekupisa kwe vulcanization. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuda nguva pfupi ye vulcanization, uye zvinopesana. Kazhinji, kusarudzwa kwenguva ye vulcanization kunofanirwa kufunga nezverudzi rwerabha, tembiricha ye vulcanization, uye ukobvu hwechigadzirwa. Nguva yakakwana ye vulcanization inotarwa kuburikidza nekuyedza inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zverabha zvinowana hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye kuramba kukwegura.

Kazhinji, kuona mamiriro ekugadzira vulcanization inzira inoda kutariswa kwakazara kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita serudzi rwerabha, chimiro chechigadzirwa, michina yekugadzira vulcanization, nezvimwewo. Mukugadzirwa chaiko, zvinowanzodiwa kuita miedzo yakawanda uye kugadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma mamiriro ekugadzira vulcanization kuti chigadzirwa chishande zvakanaka.