1. Chii chinonzi kukwegura kwerabha? Izvi zvinoratidzei pamusoro?
Mukuita kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwerabha uye zvigadzirwa zvayo, nekuda kwekuita kwakazara kwemukati nekunze zvinhu, zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvimiro uye michina yerubha inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pakupedzisira inorasikirwa nekukosha kwekushandisa. Shanduko iyi inonzi kuchembera kwerabha. Pamusoro, inoratidzwa sepakatsemuka, kunamira, kuoma, kupfava, chalking, kushanduka kwemavara, uye kukura kwekuvhuvhu.
2. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kukwegura kwerabha?
Zvinhu zvinokonzera kukwegura kwerabha ndezvi:
(a) Okisijeni uye okisijeni murabha zvinosangana nemahara radical chain reaction nemamorekuru erubha, uye cheni yemolecular inotyoka kana kuwedzeredza-yakabatana, zvichikonzera shanduko mumararamiro erabha. Oxidation chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekukwegura kwerabha.
(b) Mushonga wekemikari weozone neozone wakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura uyo weokisijeni, uye unoparadza zvikuru. Iyo zvakare inotyora cheni yemolecular, asi mhedzisiro yeozone parabha inosiyana pamwe nekuti rabha rakaremara kana kwete. Kana yakashandiswa parabha yakakanganiswa (kunyanya unsaturated rubber), mitswe yakatarisana negwara rekuita kwekushushikana inooneka, ndiko kuti, iyo inonzi "ozone crack"; parinoshandiswa parabha rakaremara, chete firimu reoxide rinoumbwa pamusoro pasina kutsemuka.
(c) Kupisa: Kukwidza tembiricha kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwemafuta kana kupisa kuyambuka kwerabha. Asi mhedzisiro yekupisa ndeye activation. Kuvandudza mwero wekupararira kweokisijeni uye shandura iyo oxidation reaction, nekudaro ichimhanyisa iyo oxidation reaction rate yerabha, inova inowanzoitika kuchembera - kupisa kweokisijeni kuchembera.
(d) Chiedza: Iyo ipfupi mwenje wave, iyo yakakura simba. Kukuvadzwa kwerabha ndiyo ultraviolet mwaranzi ine simba rakawanda. Pamusoro pekukonzera zvakananga kuputika uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza kwerubha molecular chain, ultraviolet rays inogadzira mahara radicals nekuda kwekutorwa kwesimba rechiedza, iro rinotanga uye rinomhanyisa oxidation chain reaction process. Ultraviolet mwenje inoita sekudziya. Chimwe chimiro chechiedza chiito (chakasiyana nekuita kwekupisa) ndechekuti inonyanya kuitika pamusoro pe rubber. Kune sampuli dzine yakakwira glue content, pachava netiweki kuputika kumativi ose, ndiko kuti, iyo inonzi "optical outer layer cracks".
(e) Mechanical stress: Pasi pechiito chinodzokororwa chekushushikana kwemagetsi, rubber molecular chain ichaputsika kuti ibudise mahara radicals, iyo inokonzera oxidation chain reaction uye inogadzira mechanochemical process. Mechanical scission yemamorekuru maketani uye mechanical activation ye oxidation maitiro. Ndeupi ane ruoko rwepamusoro zvinoenderana nemamiriro ayo akaiswa. Mukuwedzera, zviri nyore kukonzera ozone kuputika pasi pekuita kwekunetseka.
(f) Hunyoro: Mhedzisiro yehunyoro ine mativi maviri: rabha rinokuvara nyore kana rasangana nemvura mumhepo ine hunyoro kana kunyudzwa mumvura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinhu zvinonyungudika nemvura uye mapoka emvura akajeka murubha anotorwa uye anonyungudutswa nemvura. Inokonzerwa ne hydrolysis kana kunwa. Kunyanya pasi pechiito chinotsinhanisa chekunyudzwa kwemvura uye kuratidzwa kwemhepo, kuparadzwa kwerabha kuchakurumidza. Asi mune dzimwe nguva, unyoro hahukuvadzi rubber, uye kunyange kune mhedzisiro yekunonoka kuchembera.
(g) Zvimwe: Kune makemikari media, variable valence metal ions, high-energy radiation, magetsi uye biology, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinokanganisa rabha.
3. Ndedzipi mhando dzerabha kuchembera bvunzo nzira?
Inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri:
(a) Natural kuchembera bvunzo nzira. Iyo yakakamurwazve kuita yemhepo yekuchembera bvunzo, yemhepo inomhanyisa kuchembera bvunzo, yakasikwa yekuchengetedza kuchembera bvunzo, yakasikwa yepakati (kusanganisira yakavigwa nzvimbo, nezvimwewo) uye biological kuchembera bvunzo.
(b) Artificial yakakurumidza kuchembera bvunzo nzira. Nekuchembera kwekupisa, kuchembera kweozone, kutora mifananidzo, kuchembera kwemamiriro ekunze, kuchembera kwemafoto-ozone, kuchembera kwebiological, kuchembera kwemagetsi uye kuchembera kwemagetsi, uye kuchembera kwemakemikari media.
4. Ndeipi tembiricha giredhi inofanira kusarudzwa yemhepo inopisa yekuchembera bvunzo yeakasiyana macommunitions erabha?
Kune rabha rechisikigo, tembiricha yekuyedza inowanzoita 50 ~ 100 ℃, yerabha yekugadzira, inowanzoita 50 ~ 150 ℃, uye tembiricha yekuyedza yemamwe marubha akakosha yakakwira. Semuenzaniso, nitrile rabha inoshandiswa pa70 ~ 150 ℃, uye silicone fluorine rabha inowanzoshandiswa pa200 ~ 300 ℃. Muchidimbu, inofanira kusarudzwa maererano nemuedzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-14-2022
